* Inhaled Insulin - A new method of delivering insulin, namely inhaled insulin operates to provide an utility(a) to painful injections (Leslie, 1999). Empirical research suggests that, once plasma glucose levels are normalized, postprandial glucose levels can be maintained below diabetic levels by delivering 1.5 U/kg insulin into the lungs 5 min ahead the ingestion of a meal. (Laube, Benedict & Dobs, 1998). Advantages are said to be site-directed delivery, improved compliance with treatment regimen, and improved self-administration (Gonda, Schuster, Rubsamen, Lloyd, Cipolla & Farr, 1998).
* Insulin draw ups and pen needles - Pens and pen needles have been proven to be simple to use and readily accepted by patients as well as providing patients with significantly superior metabolic control (Piniek, Kurth & Bartels, 1991). Regarding safety concerns, studies of needles
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